ABSTRACT
bone destruction with extension into surrounding sinuses. Over 200 maggots were manually removed after immobilisation with turpentine oil instillation. Entomological examination showed it to be a case of accidental myiasis caused by the common housefly Musca domestica. The patient was managed conservatively and the ulcer cavities filled up with healthy granulation tissue. This case is presented on account of its rarity.
ABSTRACT
Background & objectives: Majoon Suranjan (MS) is a polyherbal formulation used in Unani system of medicine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The present study evaluates the antiarthritic efficacy of this formulation in three different experimental models. Methods: The anti-inflammatory activity of MS (in doses of 450, 900 and 1800 mg/kg body wt) was evaluated using the turpentine oil induced paw oedema model and the antiarthritic efficacy was evaluated using the formaldehyde and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis models. Aspirin (100 mg/kg body wt) was used as the standard drug in all the models. In order to assess the safety of the test drug, oral acute and 28 day toxicity studies were also carried out. Results: MS produced a dose dependent protective effect in all the experimental models. Its antiarthritic efficacy was comparable to aspirin in formaldehyde induced arthritis and was superior to aspirin in turpentine oil induced paw oedema and CFA induced arthritis. MS also inhibited the delayed increase in joint diameter as seen in control and aspirin treated animals in CFA induced arthritis. Oral LD50 of MS was found to be >5000 mg/kg in rats. Chronic administration did not produce any significant physiological changes in the tested animals. Interpretation & conclusions: Results of the present study suggest that the antiarthritic activity of MS was due to the interplay between its anti-inflammatory and disease modifying activities, thus supporting its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of RA.
Subject(s)
Analysis of Variance , Animals , Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy , Aspirin/administration & dosage , Aspirin/pharmacology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Formaldehyde , Male , Medicine, Unani , Phytotherapy/methods , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Toxicity Tests , TurpentineABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: en la lucha por la protección del medio ambiente es de vital importancia encontrar formas alternativas de control para el combate de insectos vectores de importancia médica. Una fuente de ello lo constituyen las plantas que posean principios activos potentes y con alta estabilidad química con acción insecticida. OBJETIVO: evaluar la posible existencia de un efecto inhibidor del desarrollo en larvas de Aedes aegypti de un aceite de trementina modificado fotoquímicamente. MÉTODOS: se utilizaron larvas de Ae. aegypti de una cepa susceptible a insecticida criada en el insectario del Instituto de Medicina Tropical. Diariamente durante una semana después de la exposición a la concentración letal que provoca 90 por ciento de mortalidad se contó la mortalidad de larvas y pupas, la cantidad de adultos emergidos y su sexo, además de los adultos que quedaban adheridos a las exuvias. RESULTADOS: se observó una alta mortalidad larval y pupal en los sobrevivientes a la concentración letal que provoca 90 por ciento de mortalidad una semana después a la exposición, se alcanzó 39,46 por ciento de mortalidad. Las larvas que completaron su desarrollo hasta adultos correspondieron a 60,54 por ciento del total de larvas sobrevivientes. La proporción de hembras y machos en el control se comportó de forma muy similar, mientras que en los expuestos se obtuvo un número mayor de machos que de hembras. Al calcular el porcentaje de inhibición de la eclosión, este resultó 36,47 por ciento. CONCLUSIONES: se demostró la actividad del aceite de trementina como larvicida e inhibidor del crecimiento en Ae. aegypti.
INTRODUCTION: in the fight for environmental protection, finding out alternative ways to control vectors that are important from the medical viewpoint is a must. Those plants having potent active principles and high chemical stability to act as pesticides can contribute to this end. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the possible inhibitory effect of photochemically-modified turpentine oil on Aedes aegypti larvae growth. METHODS: Aedes aegypti larvae of an insecticide-sensitive strain from the insect breeding site located in the Institute of Tropical Medicine were used. During a week after the exposure to the lethal dose causing 90 percent mortality, the mortality indexes of larvae and pupas were recorded as well as the number of emerged adults and their sex in addition to adults stuck to the exuvias. RESULTS: high larval and pupal mortality was observed in the survivors to the lethal dose causing 90 percent mortality after one week of the exposure; mortality index was 39,46 percent. Larvae which managed to grow to become adults amounted to 60,54 percent of the surviving larvae. Female to male ratio was very similar in the control whereas the exposed group showed a higher number of male adults. On estimating the hatching inhibition percentage, it got 36,47 percent. CONCLUSIONS: the activity of turpentine oil as larvicide and Ae. aegypti growth inhibitor was demonstrated.